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研究员龚炯教授接受CGTN采访并发表评论文章

  龚炯教授3月17日接受CGTN记者采访,解读近期金融政策释放的信号,研判疫情对经济形势的影响,他认为“全力控制疫情是经济复苏的前提”。3月18日,龚炯教授于CGTN发表评论文章 The worst is behind us; the worst is not behind us.

  主持人: 中国人民银行在本周一(3月16日)开始实施普惠金融定向降准,这已是2020年的第二次降准,将共释放长期资金5500亿元。与此同时开展中期借贷便利(MLF)操作1000亿元。我们从当前的金融政策中能够获取怎样的信息?这样的政策对中国经济来说意味着什么?在人们已开始复工复产的当下,这些政策会对中国经济发展前景会有怎样的影响?龚教授,您觉得这样的政策会为已经资金匮乏或几乎停摆的中小企业带来帮助吗?

  龚炯教授: 应该说,更多的信贷进入市场必然会使部分中小企业从中受益。但我个人认为,目前的主要问题是人们还没有外出购物,没有进行消费,所以经济还没有复苏。相关的金融政策并不是抗击疫情的手段,我们要做的首先应该是控制住疫情。在我看来这是首要任务。

  主持人: 您认为中国的制造业会全面恢复吗?有可能将今年的头两个月我们在经济上的损失弥补回来吗?

  龚炯教授: 让我们先来回顾一下过去两个月,我国规模以上工业增加值同比下降13.5%,全国服务业生产指数同比下降13%,因此实际上我们谈论的是GDP约13%的下降。武汉在1月23日封城,所以其实一月份的前20天我们是未受到明显影响的。将这个因素考虑在内,经过我个人计算,在最糟糕的情况下GDP的下降是22%左右。但我认为最糟糕的情况已过去,一切都在向好发展。我们要记住,经济上的牺牲换来了多少人的生命,使多少人免遭苦难,GDP的22%损失我们能够承担得起,我们也会恢复回来。随着3月开始的复工复产,各方面都会变好。虽然不会快速全面恢复到疫情爆发之前的水平,但在经济和GDP上我们总是可以努力的,而宝贵的生命是无法失去再来的。

  主持人: 世界范围包括中国的决策者们似乎有些进退两难,那就是,我们应该用向市场注入大量流动性的手段来提振经济项目,促进投资和消费吗?

  龚炯教授: 我认为大多数的金融政策和财政政策应该共同发力。事实上,我知道中国的一些地方政府发布了下一步基础建设的计划,这里的基础设施并不只是公路、铁路等,而更多的是提升中国的“软”基础设施的内容,这是一定会对经济有帮助的。我想说的是,我们做了很大努力,但新冠肺炎的病例在国内还在持续出现着,我们绝不能因此就否定了之前的工作,而是应该继续坚持下去。试想,如果我们没有做这一切,亦或是采取了类似英国考虑的所谓“群体免疫”手段,这又将会对中国乃至世界的经济带来多大的伤害?多少人会因此失去生命?在我看来毫无疑问我们是做出了正确的决策的,并且我们要一直坚持下去。我们要持续不断地抗击疫情,一个街区接一个街区,一个工厂接一个工厂地开展工作,直到彻底肃清病毒,研发出疫苗和治疗手段。这些工作没有捷径,这也是我们在这场疫情中所必须要承担的。

  主持人: 利率有缺口,预期有风险,投资者便会随波逐流,不可阻挡地可能会有一些国际游资流入中国。您认为这样的推测是准确的吗?

  龚炯教授: 这种情况是通常会发生。不仅国际游资会进入中国,中国资金也会进去其他国家。在我看来货币资金开放是中国在特定阶段会做的事情,我们会尝试,如果可行就进一步推进,如果不行就停下来思考。我们已经采取了一些措施,比如许多贸易已经以人民币结算,尤其是在与俄罗斯等国的贸易中。此外,越来越多的国家使用人民币作为储备货币。在此刻,我们不要将事情复杂化,而是应抗击疫情,复苏经济,鼓励消费,那时我们才有谈论货币问题的能力。

  主持人: 人们常说“曙光之前总是黑暗”,您认为我们会经历怎样的黑暗呢?

  龚炯教授: 这是个棘手的问题。我觉得这大概率取决于疫情发展的严峻程度。我们已经在经历经济上的衰退了,这种状态不会很快结束,我认为还有至少两个月的时间。美国和欧洲在很大程度上正在重演我们过去两个月的经历,因此经济短时间内不会复苏。如果我们很快击退了疫情,经济也会逐渐回暖,否则将是长期的衰退,乃至全球范围内的衰退。

  The worst is behind us; the worst is not behind us John Gong For the first time, economic figures released by the National Statistics Bureau yesterday were able to provide clues as to the true damage to China's economy as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. Industrial output and the services sector, which jointly account for the bulk of GDP, saw a 13.5-percent and 13-percent decrease respectively in January and February.  Now remember we still had some good days at the beginning of the year until January 23 when the city of Wuhan first announced a complete lockdown that later spread to most of the rest of the country. The entire economy basically came to a halt. Only until the last two weeks did production gradually start to resume in most parts of the country out of Hubei Province.

  Let's assume that in the first twenty days of January the economy was still tugging along at the same speed as the last quarter of 2019, which is about six percent. A 13-percent drop in the last two months would then translate into a real GDP drop of about 22 percent in the rest of time in January and February. Yes, a 22-percent shrinkage of the GDP for six weeks when there were no one on the streets, no stores open for business, and practically no factories cranking out products. This is the bottomline carnage caused by this vicious virus and the ultimate costs this nation bears for  the "draconian" measures to contain and eliminate it.

  But think about how many lives would have been lost and how many ICU trips would have to be made had we simply capitulated to ineptitude and bought into the disastrous "herd immunity" nonsense that they are talking about in the UK. In times that try men's souls we have lived up to the immense challenge. We have walked away largely unscathed, as on Tuesday there was only one single new COVID-19 case announced in the whole country and the rest were all imported cases.

  But it might be still too early to declare the victory, as the rest of the world, especially the industrialized world, are just beginning to see the COVID-19 outbreak. Unfortunately we are witnessing a second, larger peak unfolding in other parts of the world. As the largest trading nation, China is unlikely to be insulated from the rest of the world. 

  As the battle ground against COVID-19 shifts to airports and other entry points of the country, we still need to be vigilant. Yes, more cases are likely to occur as experts say. But we still need to stick.